中文摘要：植物病原菌和/或产毒菌引发大量的植物病害，造成作物减产及品质下降。除经济损失外，这些真菌还产生霉菌毒素，给食用的人和动物带来健康风险。欧盟规定的农业和食品业中最危险的霉菌毒素（单端孢霉烯族毒素类特别是脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、伏马菌素、黄曲霉毒素和赭曲霉毒素A）主要由三种真菌（镰刀菌、曲霉和青霉）产生。已经采取了多种途径预防和控制植物病原菌和/或产毒菌。然而，这些途径牵涉到化学品的投入，会给人、动物和环境带来危害。考虑到可持续发展问题，应用生物防治将是对环境更友好的解决办法。本文主要关注三种真菌及其毒素在农作物和食品中的发生情况；报道了真菌污染和毒素积累的影响；此外，还回顾了这些病原菌的生物防控措施，其中，施用有机肥对植株产生抗菌活性及增强健康效果明显。
 
外文摘要：Phytopathogenic and/or mycotoxigenic filamentous fungi are involved in a great number of plant diseases that cause yield and quality losses of crops. Besides the economic damages, these fungi produce mycotoxins that present health risks for humans and animals who consume contaminated foods. The most dangerous mycotoxins in the agriculture and the food industry that are regulated in European Union (trichothecenes especially deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, aflatoxins and ochratoxin A) are produced by three main fungal genera (Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium). Many approaches have been applied to prevent and manage the phytopathogenic and/or mycotoxigenic fungi. However, these methods involve the use of chemical inputs that are harmful for humans, animals and environment. In a concern of sustainable development, the application of biocontrol has been considered for addressing this problem in a more environmentally friendly way. This review considered the incidence of the three fungal genera and their mycotoxins in crops and in foodstuff.  The impacts of the fungal contamination and the toxin accumulation were reported. Besides, the biological control means against these pathogens were reviewed. Among them, organic amendments showed to be effective in both producing antifungal activities and reinforcing plant health.
外文关键词：Filamentous fungi；Mycotoxins；Phytopathogenesis；Biocontrol agents；Organic amendments
作者：Nguyen, PA；Strub, C；Fontana, A；Schorr-Galindo, S
作者单位：Univ Montpellier
期刊名称：BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
期刊影响因子：2.012
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：1
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