中文摘要：霉菌毒素是由特异的丝状真菌产生的次生代谢物，是农产品常见的污染物，对人和动物有毒，是一个全球性的健康问题。霉菌毒素污染的饲料给家畜带来严重的疾病，造成极大的经济损失。本文旨在研究墨西哥新莱昂州三类零售饲料中六种霉菌毒素的发生情况及其水平。结果发现，大部分样品受到了两种以上霉菌毒素的污染，这对人和动物的健康构成了风险。本研究证明了需要建立相应的防治措施，减少饲料污染风险，特别是当喂养牲畜的饲料中添加了易受真菌污染的草料的时候。
 
外文摘要：Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by specific filamentous fungi that are common contaminants of agricultural commodities. These compounds are toxic to humans and animals, and they are a health problem worldwide. Mycotoxin-containing feeds can cause serious diseases in farm animals and substantial economic losses. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the occurrence and levels of six mycotoxins in three types of forage at retail in the state of Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The hypothesis was that all types of forages were contaminated with at least one of the six mycotoxins analyzed. One hundred and twenty samples of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], and grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) used for animal consumption were collected from farms and commercial locations in the state of Nuevo Leon, from June to November 2013, and January 2014. The total concentrations of aflatoxins, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins, ochratoxin, T-2/HT-2 toxins, and zearalenone were determined by enzyme linked immunoassays using Neogen Veratox mycotoxin test kits. For data analysis, the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was used. All forage types contained mycotoxins, although the alfalfa samples showed higher mean levels of aflatoxins (2.77 fig kg(-1)), deoxinivalenol (470 mg kg(-1)), ochratoxin (32.7 mu g kg(-1)), T-2/HT-2 toxins (93.7 mu g kg(-1)), and zearalenone (199.6 mu g kg(-1)). Most samples were contaminated with more than two mycotoxins, which could be a risk for animal and human health. These data showed the need to establish appropriate control measures to reduce the risk of feed contamination, particularly when mixtures with forage susceptible to fungal contamination are used for feeding livestock.
外文关键词：Mycotoxins；forages；aflatoxin；fumonisin；ochratoxin
作者：Huerta-Trevino, A；Davila-Avina, JE；Sanchez, E；Heredia, N；Garcia, S
作者单位：Univ Autonoma Nuevo Leon
期刊名称：AGROCIENCIA
期刊影响因子：0.305
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：7
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