中文摘要：阿根廷中部，玉米粒受黄曲霉素污染的情况自2008年以来逐年上升。从两个玉米产区，两个生长季收集采收前的玉米穗样品，检测常见的真菌种类及黄曲霉的产毒能力。用直播法筛选真菌，通过形态学分析识别黄曲霉，并分离出菌落。对菌株进行分子分析并研究黄曲霉素的产生。在两个地区的真菌中，均以镰刀菌为首，随后是青霉和曲霉。73%的样品中检出了黄曲霉，出现在94%的菌株中。年与年之间，黄曲霉变化程度显著。原生黄曲霉菌群表现出很大比例的产毒株 (95%)，产生B型和G型黄曲霉素。种植在阿根廷I区和IV区的玉米穗易受真菌感染。原生黄曲霉菌群中产毒株占主导，黄曲霉素污染玉米粒不光发生在采收后；相反，黄曲霉感染玉米穗的问题更为严重。
外文摘要：Aflatoxin contamination in maize kernels grown in central Argentina has increased since 2008. Pre-harvest maize ear samples were collected during two growing seasons to determine prevalent fungal genera as well as aflatoxin production capacity by Aspergillus sect. Flavi in two maize regions. A direct planting procedure was performed for fungal screening. Aspergillus section Flavi was identified via a morphological analysis and some colonies were isolated. Strains were subjected to molecular analysis and aflatoxin production was studied. Fusarium was the fungus genus with the highest severity, followed by Penicillium and Aspergillus in both regions. Aspergillus sect. flavi were detected in 27 (73%) samples. PCR amplifications were observed in 94% of the isolates. Aspergillus sect. flavi severity varied significantly between years. A great proportion of toxigenic strains were observed in a native Aspergillus sect. flavi population (95%) producing B- and G-type aflatoxins. Maize ears grown in regions I and IV in Argentina are prone to degradation by fungi. Toxigenic strains are predominant in native Aspergillus sect. Flavi populations. Aflatoxin contamination of maize kernels is not restricted to post-harvest; rather, it is a serious issue that begins with colonization by Aspergillus sect. Flavi in ears.
外文关键词：Mycotoxins Molecular characterization；Fungal population；Ear rot
作者：Camiletti, BX；Torrico, AK；Maurino, MF；Cristos, D；Magnoli, C；Lucini, EI；Pecci, MDG
作者单位：Univ Nacl Cordoba
期刊名称：CROP PROTECTION
期刊影响因子：1.652
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：2
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