中文摘要：为了研究红辣椒受真菌及其毒素污染的情况，从韩国主要辣椒产区的15个厂家收集了30个辣椒样品。用马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂平板稀释样品，来评估真菌污染的情况，发现总菌数范围为0-7.3×103CFU/g。样品中曲霉的发病率最高；而拟青霉是最常见的类型。其次是根霉、青霉、芽枝霉和交链孢霉。曲霉中，红曲霉是优势种，接着是黑曲霉、灰绿曲霉、赭曲霉、土曲霉、杂色曲霉、黄曲霉和烟曲霉。用超高效液相色谱(UPLC)法配合荧光检测器，分析样品中的黄曲霉素、赭曲霉素A和桔霉素，检测到3个样品中的赭曲霉素A含量为1.03‒2.08μg/kg；没有发现黄曲霉素或桔霉素。为了弄清菌株产黄曲霉素的能力，用PCR试验筛选了64株曲霉的norB-cypA基因。结果从10株黄曲霉和1株曲霉中扩增到一个800bp的单一条带。超高效液相色谱分析证实了黄曲霉素由9株黄曲霉和1株曲霉产生，它们产生的总黄曲霉素高达146.88‒909.53μg/kg。本研究结果表明，为了使霉菌毒素污染最小化，有必要持续监测红辣椒中的产毒真菌。
外文摘要：To investigate contamination of ground red pepper with fungi and mycotoxin, we obtained 30 ground red pepper samples from 15 manufacturers in the main chili-pepper-producing areas in Korea. Fungal contamination was evaluated by spreading diluted samples on potato dextrose agar plates. The total fungi counts ranged from 0 to 7.3 × 103 CFU/g. In the samples, the genus Aspergillus had the highest incidence, while Paecilomyces was isolated most frequently. The next most frequent genera were Rhizopus, Penicillium, Cladosporium, and Alternaria. Within Aspergillus, A. ruber was predominant, followed by A. niger, A. amstelodami, A. ochraceus, A. terreus, A. versicolor, A. flavus, and A. fumigatus. The samples were analyzed for aflatoxins, ochratoxin A, and citrinin by ultra-perfomance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with a fluorescence detector. Ochratoxin A was detected from three samples at 1.03‒2.08 μg/kg, whereas no aflatoxins or citrinin were detected. To test the potential of fungal isolates to produce aflatoxin, we performed a PCR assay that screened for the norB-cypA gene for 64 Aspergillus isolates. As a result, a single 800-bp band was amplified from 10 A. flavus isolates, and one Aspergillus sp. isolate. UPLC analyses confirmed aflatoxin production by nine A. flavus isolates and one Aspergillus sp. isolate, which produced total aflatoxins at 146.88‒909.53 μg/kg. This indicates that continuous monitoring of ground red pepper for toxigenic fungi is necessary to minimize mycotoxin contamination.
外文关键词：ground red pepper；fungi；Aspergillus；aflatoxin
作者：Ham, H；Kim, S；Kim, MH；Lee, S；Hong, SK；Ryu, JG；Lee, T
作者单位：Rural Dev Adm
期刊名称：JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY
期刊影响因子：1.621
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：12
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