中文摘要：从经济和环境的角度来看，提高小麦对赤霉病（FHB）的抗性被认为是减少真菌及伴随的霉菌毒素污染的最好的选择。本综述主要关注小麦的FHB抗性对脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(DON)及其隐蔽代谢物3-葡萄糖苷脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON-3-G）的作用。结合已公开出版的信息及自身研究，结果如下：（1）所有受试小麦品种都能将DON转化成DON-3-G，因此，DON脱毒形成DON-3-G不是通过近期抗FHB育种引入的一个新的特性；（2）DON-3-G的总量，相对于DON污染，能够大量地（达35%）依赖于除其他因素外的遗传和环境因素；（3）相关性分析显示出FHB发病量与DON污染之间呈极显著正相关：FHB抗性育种减少了DON污染；（4）DON 污染的数据与DON-3-G的浓度高度相关：换言之，通过抗性育种减少了DON含量，也相应减少了DON-3-G的含量；（5）DON-3-G /DON的比值随DON污染的减少而增长：抗性最强的品系中DON污染最轻，而DON-3-G对DON的相对水平却最高。总之，通过种质渗入增强赤霉病抗性降低了谷粒中DON和DON-3-G的含量，但隐蔽毒素降低程度更小。DON-3-G也就意味着人和动物健康可能的危害，特别是在受到接近允许限度的DON污染的小麦样品中。
 
外文摘要：From economic and environmental points of view, enhancing resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat is regarded as the best option to reduce fungal colonisation and the concomitant mycotoxin contamination. This review focuses on the effect of FHB resistance on deoxynivalenol (DON) and the masked metabolite deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (DON-3-glucoside) in wheat. Based on published information complemented with our own results we draw the following conclusions: (1) All investigated wheat cultivars can convert DON to DON-3-glucoside. Hence, detoxification of DON to DON-3-glucoside is not a new trait introduced by recent resistance breeding against FHB. (2) The amount of DON-3-glucoside relative to DON contamination can be substantial (up to 35%) and is among other things dependent on genetic and environmental factors. (3) Correlation analyses showed a highly significant relationship between the amount of FHB symptoms and DON contamination: breeding for FHB resistance reduces DON contamination. (4) DON contamination data are highly correlated with DON-3-glucoside concentration data: in other words, reduction of DON content through resistance breeding results in a concomitant reduction in DON-3-glucoside content. (5) The DON-3-glucoside/DON ratio increases with decreasing DON contamination: the most resistant lines with the lowest DON contamination show the highest relative level of DON-3-glucoside to DON. In summary, introgressing FHB resistance reduces both DON and DON-3-glucoside levels in the grain, but the reduction is lower for the masked toxin. DON-3-glucoside can represent a possible hazard to human and animal health, especially in wheat samples contaminated with DON close to permitted limits.
外文关键词：cereals；trichothecene；Gibberella；ratio masked toxin
作者：Lemmens, M；Steiner, B；Sulyok, M；Nicholson, P；Mesterhazy, A; Buerstmayr, H
作者单位：BOKU Univ Nat Resources & Life Sci Vienna
期刊名称：World Mycotoxin Journal
期刊影响因子：2.091
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：5
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