中文摘要：本综述讨论了五种通过饮食引起的（亚）人群霉菌毒素暴露的评估策略，包含了数据收集，目的在于确定每种策略用于这类化学物质的风险评估的附加值和局限性。这些策略包括点估计、个体平均观测值、概率和重复的膳食策略，以及新兴的人体生物监测策略。所有的五种暴露评估策略都考虑了霉菌毒素慢性（长期）暴露，及除个体平均观测值外的急性（短期）暴露。讨论了数据收集方法，即食品消费调查、食品监测研究和总膳食研究。食品监测研究中，驱动力通常是法规限度的强制实施，从而数据产生伴随着相对高的量化限，并且针对的是霉菌毒素有超标嫌疑的产品。总膳食研究为慢性暴露评估提供了坚实的基础，因其提供了基于明确的样品，并包含了食品制备的影响的饮食中的霉菌毒素水平。重复膳食研究及人体生物监测研究揭示了实际的暴露情况，但通常涉及有限数量的志愿者及有限的时间段。人体生物监测研究也可能包括饮食以外的其他霉菌毒素暴露源，以及现有方法无法检测的改性霉菌毒素。用于数据收集的检测方法需要较低的定量限，以避免因高左删失数据，即低于定量限的水平暴露而造成巨大的不确定性。
 
外文摘要： In this review, five strategies to estimate mycotoxin exposure of a (sub-) population via food, including data collection, are discussed with the aim to identify the added values and limitations of each strategy for risk assessment of these chemicals. The well-established point estimate, observed individual mean, probabilistic and duplicate diet strategies are addressed, as well as the emerging human biomonitoring strategy. All five exposure assessment strategies allow the estimation of chronic (long-term) exposure to mycotoxins, and, with the exception of the observed individual mean strategy, also acute (short-term) exposure. Methods for data collection, i.e. food consumption surveys, food monitoring studies and total diet studies are discussed. In food monitoring studies, the driving force is often enforcement of legal limits, and, consequently, data are often generated with relatively high limits of quantification and targeted at products suspected to contain mycotoxin levels above these legal limits. Total diet studies provide a solid base for chronic exposure assessments since they provide mycotoxin levels in food based on well-defined samples and including the effect of food preparation. Duplicate diet studies and human biomonitoring studies reveal the actual exposure but often involve a restricted group of human volunteers and a limited time period. Human biomonitoring studies may also include exposure to mycotoxins from other sources than food, and exposure to modified mycotoxins that may not be detected with current analytical methods. Low limits of quantification are required for analytical methods applied for data collection to avoid large uncertainties in the exposure due to high numbers of left censored data, i.e. with levels below the limit of quantification.
外文关键词：exposure assessment；food consumption；mycotoxins；human biomonitoring；total diet study；duplicate diet study；food monitoring
作者：de Nijs, M；Mengelers, MJB；Boon, PE；Heyndrickx, E；Hoogenboom, LAP；Lopez, P；Mol, HGJ
作者单位：Wageningen UR
期刊名称：World Mycotoxin Journal
期刊影响因子：2.091
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：5
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