中文摘要：主要由禾谷镰刀菌复合群(FGSC)的多个成员引起的小麦赤霉病(FHB)是粮食生产、食品安全和动物健康的主要威胁。疾病蔓延和小麦籽粒中相关单端孢霉烯毒素积累的严重程度受到气象因素的强烈驱动。本文从影响FGSC的生命周期和宿主的抗性机理的生态学、生理学和分子水平等非生物胁迫视角阐述了气候变化的潜在影响。气候模式和种植制度的改变影响FGSC接种体中的菌群分布、成份和负载，但缺少FGSC成员间相关差异性反应的量化信息。一般来说，开花期遭遇湿热环境将增加FHB蔓延的风险，而FHB和霉菌毒素风险变化的大小和方向则是关键时期，众多因素影响接种动态和宿主易感性的结果。通过改变作物轮作、大气二氧化碳浓度([CO2])、温度和降水模式可以显著改变残留分解率、接种量和扩散率，但这种影响在接种更加受限的地区，如温带气候条件，可能会更大。在接种不受限的地区，气候变化的影响可能更多体现在致病性而非腐生阶段。虽然非生物胁迫影响小麦镰刀菌抗性的机理尚不清楚，但现有资料认为小麦在未来的气候条件下可能更易感染镰刀菌，对此要优先做进一步研究，以便开展育种工作和气候弹性管理战略。
外文摘要：Fusarium head blight (FHB) of wheat caused mainly by a few members of the Fusarium graminearum species complex (FGSC) is a major threat to agricultural grain production, food safety, and animal health. The severity of disease epidemics and accumulation of associated trichothecene mycotoxins in wheat kernels is strongly driven by meteorological factors. The potential impacts of change in climate are reviewed from the perspective of the FGSC life cycle and host resistance mechanisms influenced by abiotic pressures at the ecological, physiological and molecular level. Alterations in climate patterns and cropping systems may affect the distribution, composition and load of FGSC inoculum, but quantitative information is lacking regarding the differential responses among FGSC members. In general, the coincidence of wet and warm environment during flowering enhances the risk of FHB epidemics, but the magnitude and direction of the change in FHB and mycotoxin risk will be a consequence of a multitude of effects on key processes affecting inoculum dynamics and host susceptibility. Rates of residue decomposition, inoculum production and dispersal may be significantly altered by changes in crop rotations, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]), temperature and precipitation patterns, but the impact may be much greater for regions where inoculum is more limited such as temperate climates. In regions of non-limiting inoculum, climate change effects will likely be greater on the pathogenic rather than on the saprophytic phase. Although the mechanisms by which abiotic stress influences wheat defenses against Fusarium species are unknown, available data would suggest that wheat may be more susceptible to Fusarium infection under future climate conditions. Additional research in this area should be a priority so that breeding efforts and climate resilient management strategies can be developed.
外文关键词：riticum aestivum；global change；wheat scab；trichothecene；deoxynivalenol
作者：Vaughan, M；Backhouse, D；Del Ponte, EM
作者单位：ARS
期刊名称：World Mycotoxin Journal
期刊影响因子：2.091
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：5
点击下载：综述：气候变化对禾谷镰刀菌复合群的生态学及小麦对赤霉病易感性的影响