中文摘要：大多数真菌能同时产生多种霉菌毒素，从而污染各种食品。因此，人类确实面临着多种霉菌毒素的联合暴露，它们对人类健康潜在的影响得到了越来越多的关注。此外，政府和行业法规通常都是基于单个毒素的毒性,而没有考虑到霉菌毒素共现群体之间相互作用的复杂动力学。本研究首次综合了人体联合暴露于这些毒素及吸收后发生相互作用的可能性形成的挑战，生成知识，支撑更准确的人体风险评估。对于危害评估，为了推断源于受多种霉菌毒素暴露的食品对健康的影响，提出了基于生理学的框架，包括单一或联合毒素的生物可给性、毒代动力学和毒效学等方面的知识。首先在模拟人体暴露的实验条件下测试最相关毒素的混合物，再用适当的数学方法评估相互作用，特别是联合基因毒性，被认为是危害评估最大的挑战。对于暴露评估，为了开发出更准确和符合现实的暴露评估，统一食品消费数据、有效的霉菌毒素多组分量化分析方法、左删失数据的管理、使用概率模型和多生物标志物的方法等是关键。总之，进一步研究用统一方法评估多种霉菌毒素的危害和暴露问题，至关重要的是数据质量的改进、更强而可靠的风险表征，它是风险管理及相应的防止霉菌毒素有关副作用的重点。深入了解霉菌毒素彼此间相互作用的实质有利于弄清霉菌毒素复合物暴露影响人体健康的真实情况。
外文摘要：Most fungi are able to produce several mycotoxins simultaneously and, consequently, to contaminate a wide variety of foodstuffs. Therefore, the risk of human co-exposure to multiple mycotoxins is real, raising a growing concern about their potential impact on human health. Besides, government and industry regulations are usually based on individual toxicities, and do not take into account the complex dynamics associated with interactions between co-occurring groups of mycotoxins. The present work assembles, for the first time, the challenges posed by the likelihood of human co-exposure to these toxins and the possibility of interactive effects occurring after absorption, towards knowledge generation to support a more accurate human risk assessment. Regarding hazard assessment, a physiologically-based framework is proposed in order to infer the health effects from exposure to multiple mycotoxins in food, including knowledge on the bioaccessibility, toxicokinetics and toxicodynamics of single and combined toxins. The prioritisation of the most relevant mixtures to be tested under experimental conditions that attempt to mimic human exposure and the use of adequate mathematical approaches to evaluate interactions, particularly concerning the combined genotoxicity, were identified as the main challenges for hazard assessment. Regarding exposure assessment, the need of harmonised food consumption data, availability of multianalyte methods for mycotoxin quantification, management of left-censored data, use of probabilistic models and multibiomarker approaches are highlighted, in order to develop a more precise and realistic exposure assessment. To conclude, further studies on hazard and exposure assessment of multiple mycotoxins, using harmonised methodologies, are crucial towards an improvement of data quality and a more reliable and robust risk characterisation, which is central for risk management and, consequently, to prevent mycotoxins-associated adverse effects. A deep understanding of the nature of interactions between multiple mycotoxins will contribute to draw real conclusions on the health impact of human exposure to mycotoxin mixtures.
外文关键词：mycotoxins mixtures；human risk assessment；combined toxicity；food safety；human health
作者：Assuncao, R；Silva, MJ；Alvito, P
作者单位：IP INSA
期刊名称：World Mycotoxin Journal
期刊影响因子：2.091
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：5
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