中文摘要：本文介绍了同行评议的研究，比较了温带地区有机和常规生产的谷物中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）、HT-2和T-2毒素、玉米赤霉烯酮（ZEN）、雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（NIV）、赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）及伏马菌素和苹果及其制品中的棒曲霉素(PAT)的含量。部分研究基于田间试验数据，而大部分源于农场调研及部分菜篮子调查。研究发现，究竟哪种种植类型增加了霉菌毒素污染风险尚无定论，但尽管有机系统不使用杀菌剂，却仍能普遍保持低水平的霉菌毒素污染。还需要进行科学管理的田间试验和调查，更系统地比较，来阐明有机和传统种植的农作物中是否真的存在霉菌毒素污染风险的差别。
外文摘要：This paper presents peer-reviewed studies comparing the content of deoxynivalenol (DON), HT-2+T-2 toxins, zearalenone (ZEA), nivalenol (NIV), ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins in cereal grains, and patulin (PAT) in apple and apple-based products, produced in organically and conventionally grown crops in temperate regions. Some of the studies are based on data from controlled field trials, however, most are farm surveys and some are food basket surveys. Almost half of the studies focused on DON in cereals. The majority of these studies found no significant difference in DON content in grain from the two farming systems, but several studies showed lower DON content in organically than in conventionally produced cereals. A number of the investigations reported low DON levels in grain, far below the EU limits for food. Many authors suggested that weather conditions, years, locations, tillage practice and crop rotation are more important for the development of DON than the type of farming. Organically produced oats contained mainly lower levels of HT-2+T-2 toxins than conventionally produced oats. Most studies on ZEA reported no differences between farming systems, or lower concentrations in organically produced grain. For the other mycotoxins in cereals, mainly low levels and no differences between the two farming systems were reported. Some studies showed higher PAT contamination in organically than in conventionally produced apple and apple products. The difference may be due to more efficient disease control in conventional orchards. It cannot be concluded that any of the two farming systems increases the risk of mycotoxin contamination. Despite no use of fungicides, an organic system appears generally able to maintain mycotoxin contamination at low levels. More systematic comparisons from scientifically controlled field trials and surveys are needed to clarify if there are differences in the risk of mycotoxin contamination between organically and conventionally produced crops.
外文关键词：deoxynivalenol；HT-2+T-2 toxins；zearalenone；nivalenol；ochratoxin A；fumonisins；patulin
作者：Brodal, G；Hofgaard, IS；Eriksen, GS；Bernhoft, A；Sundheim, L
作者单位：Norwegian Inst Bioecon Res
期刊名称：World Mycotoxin Journal
期刊影响因子：2.091
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：5
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