中文摘要：在复杂多变的环境中，植物病原菌散发生物活性物质的能力是竞争的重要元素。通常丝状真菌的适应性很强，不仅能产生毒素化合物，还能减缓环境中外源毒素的作用。本文研究了毒素积累对四个代表性的镰刀菌进化差异的种类（和化学型）（禾谷镰刀菌、尖孢镰刀菌、层生镰刀菌和串珠镰刀菌）的产毒和无毒株的形态、生长模式及基因表达的明显影响，旨在弄清环境中的霉菌毒素对有进化差异的复合镰刀菌的影响。结果表明，不同镰刀菌之间竞争的基础可以描述为“石头-剪刀-布”原理，但有些影响可以解释为其它的相互作用，如脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的自毒作用，及低剂量的单端孢霉烯和玉米赤霉烯酮扮演着竞争种类潜在的“警告信号”的作用。
外文摘要：The ability of fungal plant pathogens to exude bioactive compounds is an important element of competition in a changing environment. The filamentous fungi usually retain a number of adaptations related not only to the production of toxic compounds by themselves but also to the mitigation of exogenous influences by toxins present in the environment. We examined a distinct effect of toxins on morphology, growth patterns and gene expression after stimulation in mycotoxin-producing and nonproducing isolates representing four evolutionarily divergent species (and chemotypes) within the Fusarium genus (Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Fusarium proliferatum and Fusarium verticillioides). The aim of our work was to investigate the influence of mycotoxins present in the environment on fungal isolates belonging to evolutionarily divergent complexes within Fusarium genus. The results point to retention of resistance mechanisms in non-producer isolates (F. oxysporum) and specific dose-dependent differences in response to other mycotoxins. In particular, the growth of Fusarium graminearum (confirmed zearalenone and trichothecene producer) was shown to be significantly inhibited by fumonisin B-1 and deoxynivalenol. Conversely, spread of Fusarium verticillioides was accelerated by low concentrations  of nivalenol and zearalenone and deoxynivalenol addition resulted in upregulation of the fumonisin poliketyde synthase (FUM1). The basics of competition between divergent fusaria can be described by 'rock-paper-scissors' theory, but some of the effects can be explained by other interactions, e.g. autotoxicity of deoxynivalenol and the potential role of low doses of trichothecenes and zearalenone acting as a 'warning signal' for competing species.
外文关键词：autotoxicity；signal molecule；mycotoxin；Fusarium；transporters
作者：Dawidziuk, A；Koczyk, G；Popiel, D
作者单位：Polish Acad Sci
期刊名称：World Mycotoxin Journal
期刊影响因子：2.091
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：4
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