中文摘要：近年来，需求量的增加和相对简单的栽培措施导致了中国玉米种植面积急剧扩张。然而，特别是在我国，镰刀菌穗腐病是制约玉米生产的重要因素。本研究揭示了水稻恶苗病复合种(FFSC)和禾谷镰刀菌复合种是我国玉米主产区穗腐病的病原菌，其中最普遍的是产伏马菌素的串珠镰刀菌，其次是产伏马菌素的层生镰刀菌和产15-乙酰基脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇的禾谷镰刀菌。首次在我国寒冷地区发现了Fusarium temperatum 和布斯镰刀菌，将其已知的栖息地扩展到了较冷的环境。对不同的异宗配合的FFSC进行接合型分析显示，两种类型均共同出现在每个采样点，暗示了有性重组的可能性。用布斯镰刀菌（来自玉米）和来自玉米或小麦的禾谷镰刀菌进行毒力试验，表明了其寄主适应性。根据本研究结果并结合以往的研究，得出以下结论：小麦/玉米轮作成就了禾谷镰刀菌；而小麦/水稻轮作成就了禾谷镰刀菌第六世系。相反，玉米无轮作栽培则成全了布斯镰刀菌。F. temperatum侵染玉米更多地发生在我国寒冷的气候地区，而南方镰刀菌则限于山区。每种菌都有其特征霉菌毒素，其中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇和伏马菌素对华北地区玉米产品具有潜在的威胁。
 
外文摘要：In recent years increasing demands and the relatively low-care cultivation of the crop have resulted in an enormous expansion of the acreage of maize in China. However, particularly in China, Fusarium ear rot forms an important constraint to maize production. In this study, we showed that members of both the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) and the Fusarium graminearum species complex are the causal agents of Fusarium ear rot in the main maize producing areas in China. Fumonisin producing Fusarium verticillioides was the most prevalent species, followed by fumonisin producing Fusarium proliferatum and 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol producing F. graminearum. Both Fusarium temperatum and Fusarium boothii were identified for the first time in the colder regions in China, extending their known habitats to colder environments. Mating type analysis of the different heterothallic FFSC species, showed that both types co-occur in each sampling site suggestive of the possibility of sexual recombination. Virulence tests with F. boothii (from maize) and F. graminearum from maize or wheat showed adaptation to the host. In addition, F. graminearum seems to outcompete F. boothii in wheat-maize rotations. Based on our findings and previous studies, we conclude that wheat/maize rotation selects for F. graminearum, while a wheat/rice rotation selects for F. asiaticum. In contrast, F. boothii is selected when maize is cultivated without rotation. A higher occurrence of F. temperatum is observed on maize in colder climatological regions in China, while Fusarium meridionale seems restricted to mountain areas. Each of these species has their characteristic mycotoxin profile and deoxynivalenol and fumonisin are the potential threats to maize production in Northern China.
外文关键词：fumonisin production；Fusarium fujikuroi species complex；Fusarium graminearum species complex；increasing maize production；trichothecene production
作者：Zhang, H；Brankovics, B；Luo, W；Xu, J；Xu, JS；Guo, C；Guo, JG；Jin, SL；Chen, WQ；Feng, J；Van Diepeningen, AD；Van der Lee, TAJ；Waalwijk, C
作者单位：Chinese Acad Agr Sci
期刊名称：World Mycotoxin Journal
期刊影响因子：2.091
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：5
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