中文摘要：为了了解尼日利亚重要和常用汤稠化剂消费者的霉菌暴露风险，本文研究了尼日利亚当地的黄瓜和野芒果子中霉菌和真菌代谢模式，并且测定了食品分类级别中霉菌毒素变化水平。检测结果显示：在食品中检测到了曲霉、镰刀菌、青霉菌、毛霉和木霉菌等真菌，其中曲霉属的残留量最高，黄瓜中占97.8%，野芒果子中占89.9%。在所有曲霉属中，黄曲霉残留量最高，黄瓜中占72%，野芒果子中占57%，其中产黄曲霉毒素在黄瓜和野芒果子样本中分别占56%和73%。黄瓜和野芒果子中的平均黄曲霉毒素水平均高于其他霉菌毒素，具有更高的消费者暴露风险。此外，手动削皮黄瓜和褪色野芒果子比机械削皮黄瓜和不褪色野芒果子中的霉菌毒素含量明显更高，而HT-2和T-2毒素正相反。尼日利亚所有黄瓜和野芒果子样本中黄曲霉毒素B1含量均超过了2μg/kg限量值，所有的黄瓜和55%的野芒果子样本中黄曲霉毒素EU含量均超过了4μg/kg限量值。
外文摘要：An examination of the mould and fungal metabolite pattern in melon and bush mango seeds locally produced in Nigeria was undertaken in order to understand the mycotoxicological risk posed to consumers of both of these important and commonly consumed soup thickeners. The variation in mycotoxin levels in graded categories of both foodstuffs were also determined. Aspergillus, Fusarium, Penicillium, Mucorales and Trichoderma were the recovered fungi from the foodstuffs with Aspergillus species dominating (melon = 97.8%; bush mango = 89.9%). Among the Aspergillus species identified Aspergillus section Flavi dominated (melon: 72%; bush mango: 57%) and A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. parvisclerotigenus and A. tamarii were the recovered species. About 56% and 73% of the A. flavus isolates from melon and bush mango seed samples, respectively were aflatoxigenic. Thirty-four and 59 metabolites including notable mycotoxins were found in the melon and bush mango seeds respectively. Mean aflatoxin levels (mu g/kg) in melon (aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) = 37.5 and total aflatoxins = 142) and bush mango seeds (AFB(1) = 68.1 and total aflatoxins = 61.7) were higher than other mycotoxins, suggesting potential higher exposure for consumer populations. Significantly (p < 0.05) higher levels of mycotoxins were found in hand peeled melon and discoloured bush mango seeds than in machine-peeled melon and non-discoloured seeds except for HT-2 and T-2 toxins which occurred conversely. All melon and bush mango seeds exceeded the 2 mu g/kg AFB1 limit whereas all melon and 55% of bush mango seeds exceeded the 4 mu g/kg total aflatoxin EU limit adopted in Nigeria. This is the first report of (1) mycotoxin co-occurrence in bush mango seeds, (2) cyclopiazonic acid, HT 2 toxin, moniliformin, mycophenolic acid, T-2 toxin and tenuazonic acid occurrence, and (3) mycotoxin exposure assessment of both foodstuffs. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
外文关键词：Aflatoxins, Colocynthis citrullus L., Food safety, Fungi, Fungal metabolites, Irvingia gabonensis, Mycotoxinsy
作者：Ezekiel, Chibundu N.; Sulyok, Michael; Somorin, Yinka; Odutayo, Foluke I.; Nwabekee, Stella U.; Balogun, Afeez T.; Krska, Rudolf
作者单位：Babcock Univ, Dept Biosci & Biotechnol, Mycol Mycotoxicol Res Unit, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria.
期刊名称：INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD MICROBIOLOGY
期刊影响因子：3.445
出版年份：2016
出版刊次：11
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