中文摘要：近年来对食品安全问题的认识已发生了变化，要求供应的食品应该营养和安全。越来越多的证据表明热带和亚热带地区的玉米和其它作物受到了真菌毒素的污染。本文开创了研究这些毒素在卢旺达造成的污染情况，分析了基加利7个主要零售市场的684份玉米粉样品和7个饲料供应商的21个动物饲料样品中的黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）。用问卷方式调查了供应商的性别和教育水平、玉米来源和对黄曲霉毒素的意识是否对样品中的AFB1含量有显著影响，用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)及免疫亲和荧光法分析了样品。本研究对卢旺达人畜健康具有启示意义，表明应该扩大污染调查的范围，弄清环境和其它因素对黄曲霉毒素积累的影响。进一步部署减轻和监测黄曲霉毒素污染的有效措施，减少污染。
外文摘要：Food security considerations have shifted in recent years, with the recognition that available food should also be nutritious and safe. There is a growing evidence base for contamination of maize and other crops by fungal toxins in the tropics and sub-tropics. As an initial snapshot of contamination by one of these toxins in Rwanda, Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) was analyzed in 684 samples of maize flour collected in seven principal retail markets of Kigali and in 21 samples of animal feed from seven feed vendors. Two rounds of sample collections were carried out, the first in September 2014 and the second in January 2015. A questionnaire given to vendors was used to determine if gender and education level of vendors, origin of maize and awareness of aflatoxins had any significant effect on AFB1 level in collected samples. Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Immuno-affinity fluorimetery were used to analyze samples. Only markets had a significant effect on AFB1 level; for the two collections, differences were inconsistent among markets. In the first round, market means of AFB1 varied between 8.0 ± 5.57 μg/kg and 24.7 ± 23.74 μg/kg and for the second round, between 10.4 ± 8.4 μg/kg and 25.7 ± 25.85 μg/kg. In most animal feed samples AFB1 was >100 μg/kg. None of the vendors interviewed was aware of the risk of mycotoxin contamination in their maize-based flours and feed. Limits set by the United States Food and Drug Administration (20 μg/kg) for total aflatoxins and European Commission (2 μg/kg) for AFB1 for maize flour imports, were varied between 2–35% and 66–100% of samples, respectively. The implications of this study for human and animal health in Rwanda suggest that expanded surveys are needed to understand the scope of contamination, given the influence of environment and other factors on aflatoxin accumulation. Available options to mitigate and monitor aflatoxin contamination can be further deployed to reduce contamination.
外文关键词：Aflatoxin B1；Awareness；Kigali；Maize；Market；Rwanda
作者：Nishimwe, K；Wanjuki, I；Karangwa, C；Darnell, R；Harvey, J
作者单位：Univ Rwanda
期刊名称：FOOD CONTROL
期刊影响因子：3.388
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：3
点击下载：初步研究卢旺达基加利市主要零售市场销售的玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1污染情况