中文摘要：本研究的目的是筛选出一种适合鸡免疫的疫苗佐剂。研究将β-丙内酯（BPL）灭活A/大不列颠哥伦比亚/314514-1/2004 H7N3 LP AIV疫苗分别于10种商业化或试验阶段的佐剂进行组配，分析每种组合的免疫原性。试验筛选出4种最好的疫苗。结果表明，基于矿物油和植物油的佐剂能够诱导产生更高的抗体滴度，免疫3周后，血清转化率100%。几丁聚糖能够诱导产生100%的抗体滴度，但显著低于大多数油性佐剂。磷酸钙和藻酸盐佐剂产生的抗体水平与不使用佐剂的对照组相似，初磷酸钙佐剂组外，其它所有的佐剂都能诱导产生相同的死亡保护作用，且各个组的死亡率接近。福尔马林灭活疫苗组能够产生与BPL灭活疫苗组相同的抗体滴度和免疫保护作用。该结果为油性佐剂在家禽业抗禽流感病毒疫苗制备领域的应用提供了重要支撑。
 
外文摘要：Avian influenza viruses (AIV) are a threat to poultry production worldwide. Vaccination is utilized as a component of control programs for both high pathogenicity (HP) and low pathogenicity (LP) AIV. Over 95% of all AIV vaccine used in poultry are inactivated, adjuvanted products. To identify the best formulations for chickens, vaccines were prepared with beta-propiolactone (BPL) inactivated A/British Columbia/314514-1/2004 H7N3 LP AIV using ten commercially available or experimental adjuvants. Each vaccine formulation was evaluated for immunogenicity in chickens. Challenge studies with an antigenically homologous strain of HPAIV were conducted to compare protection against mortality and measure reductions in virus levels in oral swabs. The four best adjuvants from the studies with BPL inactivated antigen were selected and tested identically, but with vaccines prepared from formalin inactivated virus. Mineral and vegetable oil based adjuvants generally induced the highest antibody titers with 100% seroconversion by 3 weeks post vaccination. Chitosan induced positive antibody titers in 100% of the chickens, but the titers were significantly lower than those of most of the oil based adjuvants. Antibody levels from calcium phosphate and alginate adjuvanted groups were similar to those of nonadjuvanted virus. All groups that received adjuvanted vaccines induced similar levels of protection against mortality (0-20%) except the groups vaccinated with calcium phosphate adjuvanted vaccines, where mortality was similar (70%) to groups that received non-adjuvanted inactivated virus or no vaccine (60-100% mortality). Virus shedding in oral swabs was variable among the treatment groups. Formalin inactivated vaccine induced similar antibody titers and protection against challenge compared to BPL inactivated vaccine groups. These studies support the use of oil adjuvanted vaccines for use in the poultry industry for control for AIV.
外文关键词：Adjuvants； Avian influenza viruses (AIV)； Chicken vaccine； Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus
作者：Lone, NA; Spackman, E; Kapczynski, D
作者单位：美国农业部
期刊名称：VACCINE
期刊影响因子：3.235
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：6
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