中文摘要：牧场主利用抗生素治疗、控制和预防畜禽疾病，从而提高畜禽的产量和牧场的投入产出水平。然而，日常抗生素的应用会导致病原产生抗药性，对畜禽和人类健康带来不利影响。假定这一因果关系成立，那么限制抗生素有目的的应用而不是用于治疗疾病的压力会不断增加。改变抗生素的应用方式将会带来畜牧生产一系列管理措施的调整，从而影响畜禽市场上的产品数量和价格。本研究主要关注一下问题：（1）抗生素在畜牧业生产中的应用范围有多广？（2）当前畜牧业生产结构如何影响特定目的抗生素应用限制的效果？（3）限制抗生素应用对生产和畜禽生产成本的影响如何？（4）以上这些影响如何最终关系到市场上产品的价格和数量？
外文摘要：Farmers use antibiotics to treat, prevent, and control animal diseases and increase the
productivity of animals and operations. However, there is concern that routine antibiotic
use in livestock will contribute to antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, with repercussions
for human and animal health. Given these concerns, pressure to limit antibiotic uses for
purposes other than disease treatment is mounting. Changes in use will lead to a series of
adjustments in animal agriculture as producers change production practices, with potential
repercussions for prices and volumes in livestock markets. This report addresses the
following questions: How widely are antibiotics used in the livestock industries? How could
the current structure of the livestock industry influence the effects of restrictions on certain
uses of antibiotics? How might the restriction of antibiotics affect production and costs at the
animal and farm levels? How might those impacts affect production and prices in markets?
外文关键词：Antibiotics；livestock；United States；economics；prices； feed efficiency； production purposes； antimicrobials；growth promotion；policy analysis；disease prevention
作者：Stacy Sneeringer；James MacDonald；Nigel Key；William McBride； Ken Mathews
作者单位：USDA
出版年份：2015
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