中文摘要：目前，即便抗菌剂泛滥，但全球因腐败微生物造成的食物浪费和食源性病原体引起的疾病作为公共卫生问题仍长期存在。我们在农业、医药等领域过度使用抗菌素，将导致细菌基因型耐药性、表型适应和其他细菌进化策略引发的抗菌素耐药性(AMR)。多重耐药菌(MDR)和泛耐药菌(PDR)的出现证明了这一现象，两类菌在多个领域产生交叉污染，对食品安全构成了更严重威胁。“红皇后假说”假设噬菌体和细菌的共同进化导致了进化军备竞赛，迫使噬菌体适应和存活细菌的抗噬菌体应对。因此，噬菌体及其细胞溶解酶成为了为食品保护和食源性病原体控制设计新型抗菌剂的有用工具包，加之许多已有研究成果，使噬菌体作为针对食源性病原体的靶向载体的模式形势大好。本文综述了噬菌体及其细胞溶解酶作为对抗腐败微生物和食源性病原体的武器的基本原理，概述了噬菌体靶向征服或躲避的机制以及新型噬菌体的发展前景。还强调了后抗生素时代运用噬菌体及其细胞溶解酶控制农场-餐桌-医院领域的食源性病原体。
外文摘要：Worldwide, foods waste caused by putrefactive organisms and diseases caused by foodborne pathogens persist as public health problems even with a plethora of modern antimicrobials. Our over reliance on antimicrobials use in agriculture, medicine, and other fields will lead to a postantibiotic era where bacterial genotypic resistance, phenotypic adaptation, and other bacterial evolutionary strategies cause antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This AMR is evidenced by the emergence of multiple drug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and pan-resistant (PDR) bacteria, which produces cross-contamination in multiple fields and poses a more serious threat to food safety. A "red queen premise" surmises that the coevolution of phages and bacteria results in an evolutionary arms race that compels phages to adapt and survive bacterial antiphage strategies. Phages and their lysins are therefore useful toolkits in the design of novel antimicrobials in food protection and foodborne pathogens control, and the modality of using phages as a targeted vector against foodborne pathogens is gaining momentum based on many encouraging research outcomes. In this review, we discuss the rationale of using phages and their lysins as weapons against spoilage organisms and foodborne pathogens, and outline the targeted conquest or dodge mechanism of phages and the development of novel phage prospects. We also highlight the implementation of phages and their lysins to control foodborne pathogens in a farm-table-hospital domain in the postantibiotic era.
外文关键词：antimicrobial resistance (AMR)；bacteriophage (Phage)；food safety； foodborne pathogens；lysin；postantibiotic era
作者：Huang, ZH；Zhang, ZH；Tong, JR；Malakar, PK；Chen, LBA；Liu, HQ；Pan, YJ；Zhao, Y
作者单位：Shanghai Ocean Univ；Minist Agr & Rural Affairs；Shanghai Engn Res Ctr Aquat Prod Proc & Preservat
期刊名称：COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY
期刊影响因子：9.912
出版年份：2021
出版刊次：
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