中文摘要：地表水的粪便污染可能将携带抗生素耐药基因（ARG）的细菌和噬菌体引入水生环境。排入海洋环境的水道，特别是靠近指定海水浴场的水道，可能会使浴场使用者受到粪便污染，增加他们接触ARG的可能性。本研究比较了都柏林湾在两个海水浴场附近排放的两条河流（Tolka河和Liffey河）及两条城市小溪（Elm Park和Trimleston溪）的细菌和噬菌体ARG谱场。尽管这些水道的污染压力存在差异，但微生物源追踪分析表明，城市环境中河流和溪流的主要污染源是人类污染。本研究细菌和噬菌体两者所有ARG，包括bla（TEM）、bla（SHV）、qnrS和sul1，均存在于所有四条水道中，显示出相似的ARG谱。说明近岸海水浴场受到城市河流和溪流的强烈影响，因为它们具有相似的ARG谱。与河流和溪流相比，海洋环境中细菌ARG的水平显著降低。相比之下，淡水和海洋中的噬菌体ARG水平没有显著差异。因此，近岸海水浴场可能是携带ARG的噬菌体的潜在储存库。可见，除了可将噬菌体视作潜在的额外粪便指示生物外，还可视其为细菌耐药性传播的指标。
外文摘要：Fecal pollution of surface water may introduce bacteria and bacteriophages harboring antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) into the aquatic environment. Watercourses discharging into the marine environment, especially close to designated bathing waters, may expose recreational users to fecal pollution and therefore may increase the likelihood that they will be exposed to ARGs. This study compares the bacterial and bacteriophage ARG profiles of two rivers (River Tolka and Liffey) and two small urban streams (Elm Park and Trimleston Streams) that discharge close to two marine bathing waters in Dublin Bay. Despite the potential differences in pollution pressures experienced by these waterways, microbial source tracking analysis showed that the main source of pollution in both rivers and streams in the urban environment is human contamination. All ARGs included in this study, bla(TEM), bla(SHV), qnrS, and sul1, were present in all four waterways in both the bacterial and bacteriophage fractions, displaying a similar ARG profile. We show that nearshore marine bathing waters are strongly influenced by urban rivers and streams discharging into these, since they shared a similar ARG profile. In comparison to rivers and streams, the levels of bacterial ARGs were significantly reduced in the marine environment. In contrast, the bacteriophage ARG levels in freshwater and the marine were not significantly different. Nearshore marine bathing waters could therefore be a potential reservoir of bacteriophages carrying ARGs. In addition to being considered potential additional fecal indicators organism, bacteriophages may also be viewed as indicators of the spread of antimicrobial resistance.
外文关键词：antibiotic resistance genes；microbial source tracking；bacteriophages；fecal pollution；rivers；urban streams；bathing waters
作者：Sala-Comorera, L；Nolan, TM；Reynolds, LJ；Venkatesh, A；Cheung, L；Martin, NA；Stephens, JH；Gitto, A；O'Hare, GMP；O'Sullivan, JJ；Meijer, WG
作者单位：Univ Coll Dublin
期刊名称：FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
期刊影响因子：4.236
出版年份：2021
出版刊次：12
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