中文摘要：革兰氏阳性菌细胞壁的特征在于有一层厚厚的肽聚糖层，它提供细胞对外应激的保护，维持细胞完整性并决定细胞形态，同时它也作为锚定许多关键聚合物结构的基础。对于包括链球菌、肠球菌和乳球菌在内的卵球菌物种，此类结构以含有鼠李糖的细胞壁多糖为代表，在某些情况下，可以作为壁磷壁酸的功能替代物。已有研究阐明了几种含有链球菌、乳酸球菌和肠球菌鼠李糖的细胞壁多糖的生化组成，而相关的功能基因组分析也促进了个体生物合成途径模型的提出。本文回顾了编码酶的基因组位点，以产生上述卵球菌的含鼠李糖的细胞壁相关多糖（Rha cwps）结构，特别强调基因含量、生化结构和常见生物合成步骤。此外，还讨论了这些多糖作为噬菌体受体的作用，以及噬菌体在促进Rha cwps多样性和进化中的重要作用。
外文摘要：Gram-positive bacterial cell walls are characterised by the presence of a thick peptidoglycan layer which provides protection from extracellular stresses, maintains cell integrity and determines cell morphology, while it also serves as a foundation to anchor a number of crucial polymeric structures. For ovococcal species, including streptococci, enterococci and lactococci, such structures are represented by rhamnose-containing cell wall polysaccharides, which at least in some instances appear to serve as a functional replacement for wall teichoic acids. The biochemical composition of several streptococcal, lactococcal and enterococcal rhamnose-containing cell wall polysaccharides have been elucidated, while associated functional genomic analyses have facilitated the proposition of models for individual biosynthetic pathways. Here, we review the genomic loci which encode the enzymatic machinery to produce rhamnose-containing, cell wall-associated polysaccharide (Rha cwps) structures of the afore-mentioned ovococcal bacteria with particular emphasis on gene content, biochemical structure and common biosynthetic steps. Furthermore, we discuss the role played by these saccharidic polymers as receptors for bacteriophages and the important role phages play in driving Rha cwps diversification and evolution.
外文关键词：Lactococcus；Streptococcus；Staphylococcus；Enterococcus；Cell envelope；Rhamnose-glucose polymers；Phage-host interactions
作者：Lavelle, K；van Sinderen, D；Mahony, J
作者单位：Univ Coll Cork
期刊名称：COMPUTATIONAL AND STRUCTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL
期刊影响因子：6.018
出版年份：2021
出版刊次：19
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