中文摘要：炭疽杆菌是炭疽病的病原体，对全球家畜、野生动物和公众健康构成威胁。虽然对全球遗传数据的分析增加了对该细菌群体基因组结构的了解，但对选择压力的影响还不清楚。本研究探讨了抗生素耐药性、噬菌体多样性、地理位置和分离来源对形成群体基因组结构的影响。研究鉴定了一组潜在的候选基因，它们驱动了全球现存的356个炭疽杆菌基因组的多样性模式；报告了10个抗药性基因和11个不同的原噬菌体序列，首次大规模记录了这种病原体的遗传异常。随机森林分类结果表明，基因组结构可能是由抗生素耐药性、地理位置和分离源组合驱动的，特定于所研究的种群集群。充分证明了与蛋白质合成相关基因相关的重组可能是造成相对不同群体之间表型差异的原因；并根据高影响单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）和聚集突变提供了一系列基因，用于进一步研究炭疽杆菌的进化。本文提供的信息揭示了这种臭名昭著的病原体基因组结构的驱动因素，并可能作为未来研究的路线图，了解炭疽杆菌生物地理、毒性和进化方面的功能差异。
外文摘要：Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax disease, is a worldwide threat to livestock, wildlife and public health. While analyses of genetic data from across the globe have increased our understanding of this bacterium's population genomic structure, the influence of selective pressures on this successful pathogen is not well understood. In this study, we investigate the effects of antimicrobial resistance, phage diversity, geography and isolation source in shaping population genomic structure. We also identify a suite of candidate genes potentially under selection, driving patterns of diversity across 356 globally extant B. anthracis genomes. We report ten antimicrobial resistance genes and 11 different prophage sequences, resulting in the first large scale documentation of these genetic anomalies for this pathogen. Results of random forest classification suggest genomic structure may be driven by a combination of antimicrobial resistance, geography and isolation source, specific to the population cluster examined. We found strong evidence that a recombination event linked to a gene involved in protein synthesis may be responsible for phenotypic differences between comparatively disparate populations. We also offer a list of genes for further examination of B. anthracis evolution, based on high-impact single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and clustered mutations. The information presented here sheds new light on the factors driving genomic structure in this notorious pathogen and may act as a road map for future studies aimed at understanding functional differences in terms of B. anthracis biogeography, virulence and evolution.
外文关键词：AMR； ；Bacillus anthracis； ；bacterial genomics； ；natural selection
作者：Bruce, SA；Huang, YH；Kamath, PL；van Heerden, H；Turner, WC
作者单位：SUNY Albany；Univ Wisconsin；Univ Maine；Univ Pretoria
期刊名称：MICROBIAL GENOMICS
期刊影响因子：4.632
出版年份：2021
出版刊次：8
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