中文摘要：约100年前，第一种抗生素被引入医疗保健领域。从此，抗生素对人类医学产生了显著的影响。然而，这些高效药物附带的危害也越来越严重。耐药病原菌的增加，加上抗生素治疗后微生物群落多样性的减少，已成为全球抗击侵袭性感染的重大障碍。
传统“弗莱明抗生素”的替代和补充策略包括基于微生物群的治疗，如粪便微生物群转移和probiotics, live-biotherapeutics, prebiotics, and postbiotics的施用。其他有希望的干预措施是噬菌体和疫苗，其功效也可能受到人类微生物群的影响。它们将促进抗菌素管理，这是迄今为止全球唯一应用的缓解抗菌素耐药性战略。
本文综述了这些非传统干预的可用证据，强调了它们与人类微生物群的相互作用，并讨论了它们的临床适用性。
外文摘要：About 100 years ago, the first antibiotic drug was introduced into health care. Since then, antibiotics have made an outstanding impact on human medicine. However, our society increasingly suffers from collateral damage exerted by these highly effective drugs. The rise of resistant pathogen strains, combined with a reduction of microbiota diversity upon antibiotic treatment, has become a significant obstacle in the fight against invasive infections worldwide.
   Alternative and complementary strategies to classical "Fleming antibiotics" comprise microbiota-based treatments such as fecal microbiota transfer and administration of probiotics, live-biotherapeutics, prebiotics, and postbiotics. Other promising interventions, whose efficacy may also be influenced by the human microbiota, are phages and vaccines. They will facilitate antimicrobial stewardship, to date the only globally applied antibiotic resistance mitigation strategy.
   In this review, we present the available evidence on these nontraditional interventions, highlight their interaction with the human microbiota, and discuss their clinical applicability.
外文关键词：Microbiota；multidrug resistance；bacterial infection；dysbiosis；microbial therapy
作者：Wuethrich, I；Pelzer, BW；Khodamoradi, Y；Vehreschild, MJGT
作者单位：Swiss Fed Inst Technol；Univ Cologne；Goethe Univ Frankfurt
期刊名称：GUT MICROBES
期刊影响因子：7.74
出版年份：2021
出版刊次：1
点击下载：人类肠道微生物群在多重耐药细菌定植和感染中的作用