中文摘要：成簇规律间隔短回文重复(CRISPR)-Cas适应性免疫系统使细菌和古生菌能够通过创建以前遭遇的基因组记录，有效应对病毒病原体。这些系统广泛分布于原核生物类群中，但令人惊讶的是，在大多数生物体中却没有，表明适应性免疫的价值往往不会超过成本。本研究结合实验和模型发现，在病毒爆发期间，即使对完全免疫的宿主，允许病毒暂时将细胞资源重新定向到繁殖的延迟免疫反应（我们称之为“免疫滞后”）代价也极大。关键在于滞后的代价只能通过检查病毒攻击后立即发生的宿主-病毒系统的早期瞬态动力学来揭示。滞后是微生物防御的一个基本参数，与所有细胞内、感染后抗病毒防御系统相关，迄今为止，宿主-噬菌体系统的理论和实验处理基本都忽略了这一参数。
外文摘要：Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)-Cas adaptive immune systems enable bacteria and archaea to efficiently respond to viral pathogens by creating a genomic record of previous encounters. These systems are broadly distributed across prokaryotic taxa, yet are surprisingly absent in a majority of organisms, suggesting that the benefits of adaptive immunity frequently do not outweigh the costs. Here, combining experiments and models, we show that a delayed immune response which allows viruses to transiently redirect cellular resources to reproduction, which we call 'immune lag', is extremely costly during viral outbreaks, even to completely immune hosts. Critically, the costs of lag are only revealed by examining the early, transient dynamics of a host-virus system occurring immediately after viral challenge. Lag is a basic parameter of microbial defence, relevant to all intracellular, post-infection antiviral defence systems, that has to-date been largely ignored by theoretical and experimental treatments of host-phage systems.
外文关键词：CRISPR-Cas；adaptive immunity；bacteriophage；host-virus interactions
作者：Weissman, JL；Alseth, EO；Meaden, S；Westra, ER；Fuhrman, JA
作者单位：Univ Southern Calif；Univ Exeter
期刊名称：PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
期刊影响因子：4.638
出版年份：2021
出版刊次：1961
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