中文摘要：迄今已鉴定出七种恶唑烷酮的移动耐药基因，包括cfr、cfr（B）、cfr（C）、cfr（D）、cfr（E）、optrA和poxtA。cfr基因编码23S rRNA甲基化酶，该酶具有多重耐药表型，包括对氯霉素类、林可酰胺类、恶唑烷酮、截短侧耳素和链阳菌素A类化合物的耐药。optrA和poxtA基因编码ABC-F蛋白，保护细菌核糖体免受恶唑烷酮的抑制作用。optrA基因使人体对恶唑烷酮和氯霉素类产生耐药性，而poxtA基因使MIC升高或对恶唑烷酮、氯霉素类和四环素产生耐药性。这些恶唑烷酮耐药基因最常见于质粒上，但也有位于转座子、整合和接合元件（ICE）、基因组岛和原噬菌体上。在这些移动基因元件(MGE)中，插入序列(IS)最常位于cfr、optrA和poxtA基因的侧边，并能产生易位单元(TU)，其中包括恶唑烷酮抗性基因，偶尔也包括其他基因。MGE和TU在恶唑烷酮抗性基因跨菌株、种和属边界传播中起着重要作用。最常见的是，这些MGE还含有基因，这些基因不仅能介导对其他类别抗菌剂的耐药性，还能介导对金属和杀菌剂的耐药性。通过使用对恶唑烷酮耐药基因产生耐药性的抗菌剂的直接选择压力，以及通过使用抗菌剂、金属或杀菌剂（在携带cfr、optrA或poxtA的MGE上共定位的各自耐药基因）产生的间接选择压力，均可能在恶唑烷酮耐药基因的共选择和持久性中起作用。
外文摘要：Seven mobile oxazolidinone resistance genes, including cfr, cfr(B), cfr(C), cfr(D), cfr(E), optrA, and poxtA, have been identified to date. The cfr genes code for 23S rRNA methylases, which confer a multiresistance phenotype that includes resistance to phenicols, lincosamides, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A compounds. The optrA and poxtA genes code for ABC-F proteins that protect the bacterial ribosomes from the inhibitory effects of oxazolidinones. The optrA gene confers resistance to oxazolidinones and phenicols, while the poxtA gene confers elevated MICs or resistance to oxazolidinones, phenicols, and tetracycline. These oxazolidinone resistance genes are most frequently found on plasmids, but they are also located on transposons, integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs), genomic islands, and prophages. In these mobile genetic elements (MGEs), insertion sequences (IS) most often flanked the cfr, optrA, and poxtA genes and were able to generate translocatable units (TUs) that comprise the oxazolidinone resistance genes and occasionally also other genes. MGEs and TUs play an important role in the dissemination of oxazolidinone resistance genes across strain, species, and genus boundaries. Most frequently, these MGEs also harbor genes that mediate resistance not only to antimicrobial agents of other classes, but also to metals and biocides. Direct selection pressure by the use of antimicrobial agents to which the oxazolidinone resistance genes confer resistance, but also indirect selection pressure by the use of antimicrobial agents, metals, or biocides (the respective resistance genes against which are colocated on cfr-, optrA-, or poxtA-carrying MGEs) may play a role in the coselection and persistence of oxazolidinone resistance genes.
外文关键词：oxazolidinones；cfr；optrA；poxtA；horizontal transfer；plasmid；transposon；genomic island；integrative and conjugative element；prophage；mobile genetic element
作者：Schwarz, S；Zhang, WJ；Du, XD；Kruger, H；Fessler, AT；Ma, SZ；Zhu, Y；Wu, CM；Shen, JZ；Wang, Y
作者单位：Free Univ Berlin；China Agr Univ；Chinese Acad Agr Sci；Henan Agr Univ
期刊名称：CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
期刊影响因子：22.556
出版年份：2021
出版刊次：3
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