中文摘要：虽然噬菌体推动细菌进化得到普遍认可，但对这些动态过程在野外如何发生仍知之甚少。研究发现，海洋弧菌对病毒杀灭的易感性由大型且高度多样化的移动基因元件介导。这些噬菌体防御元件显示出极其快速的进化更替，使克隆菌株之间的噬菌体敏感性出现差异，而噬菌体受体保持不变。防御具有累积效应，单个细菌基因组可以包含6到12个防御元件，占近亲柔性基因组的90%以上。这些元件的快速更替使噬菌体抗性与其他基因组特征分离。可见，在野外对噬菌体的抵抗遵循着不同于实验室进化实验预测的进化轨迹。
外文摘要：Although it is generally accepted that phages drive bacterial evolution, how these dynamics play out in the wild remains poorly understood. We found that susceptibility to viral killing in marine Vibrio is mediated by large and highly diverse mobile genetic elements. These phage defense elements display exceedingly fast evolutionary turnover, resulting in differential phage susceptibility among clonal bacterial strains while phage receptors remain invariant. Protection is cumulative, and a single bacterial genome can harbor 6 to 12 defense elements, accounting for more than 90% of the flexible genome among close relatives. The rapid turnover of these elements decouples phage resistance from other genomic features. Thus, resistance to phages in the wild follows evolutionary trajectories alternative to those predicted from laboratory-based evolutionary experiments.
外文关键词：MULTIPLE SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT；POPULATION GENOMICS；BACTERIOPHAGE；TRANSPOSON；DIVERSITY；VIRUSES；REVEALS； ISLANDS；DIFFERENTIATION；CONSTRUCTION
作者：Hussain, FA；Dubert, J；Elsherbini, J；Murphy, M；VanInsberghe, D；Arevalo, P；Kauffman, K；Rodino-Janeiro, BK；Gavin, H；Gomez, A；Lopatina, A；Le Roux, F；Polz, MF
作者单位：MIT；Univ Santiago de Compostela；Univ Vienna；IFREMER；Sorbonne Univ
期刊名称：SCIENCE
期刊影响因子：41.846
出版年份：2021
出版刊次：6566
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