中文摘要：病毒侵染植物是一个复杂的过程，包括接种至植物细胞、在细胞中复制和植物定植几个步骤。这些步骤的成功某种程度上取决于病毒有效群体大小（N-e），即将自己的基因传递给下一代的个体数量。在侵染过程中，病毒群体将会遭遇瓶颈，会导致N-e大幅减少，优胜变体可能会有所损失。因此，更好地理解植物如何影响N-e很关键。本研究目的在于（1）确定接种过程中控制N-e的植物遗传因子；（2）理解植物控制N-e的机制；（3）比较控制植物抗病毒性基因的遗传因子。对辣椒双单倍体种群进行N-e测量。给植物接种可以表达绿色荧光蛋白的马铃薯Y病毒（PVY）或黄瓜花叶病毒（CMV）坏死性变种。通过计算子叶上PVY初始侵染位点数量或叶片上CMV坏死性病变数量来评估N-e。这两种病毒N-e都是由普通数量性状位点（QTLs）和病毒特异性QTLs控制的（表明常规的贡献和特定的机制）。PVY特异性QTL与一个可减少PVY积累、降低分解主效抗性基因能力的QTL共定位。
外文摘要：Infection of plants by viruses is a complex process involving several steps: inoculation into plant cells, replication in inoculated cells and plant colonization. The success of the different steps depends, in part, on the viral effective population size (N-e), defined as the number of individuals passing their genes to the next generation. During infection, the virus population will undergo bottlenecks, leading to drastic reductions in N-e and, potentially, to the loss of the fittest variants. Therefore, it is crucial to better understand how plants affect N-e. We aimed to (i) identify the plant genetic factors controlling N-e during inoculation, (ii) understand the mechanisms used by the plant to control N-e and (iii) compare these genetic factors with the genes controlling plant resistance to viruses. N-e was measured in a doubled-haploid population of Capsicum annuum. Plants were inoculated with either a Potato virus Y (PVY) construct expressing the green fluorescent protein or a necrotic variant of Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). N-e was assessed by counting the number of primary infection foci on cotyledons for PVY or the number of necrotic local lesions on leaves for CMV. The number of foci and lesions was correlated (r=0.57) and showed a high heritability (h(2)=0.93 for PVY and h(2)=0.98 for CMV). The N-e of the two viruses was controlled by both common quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and virus specific QTLs, indicating the contribution of general and specific mechanisms. The PVY-specific QTL colocalizes with a QTL that reduces PVY accumulation and the capacity to break down a major-effect resistance gene.
外文关键词：effective population size；bottlenecks；quantitative trait loci；Capsicum annuum；virus infection；Potato virus Y；Cucumber mosaic virus
作者：Tamisier, Lucie； Rousseau, Elsa；Barraille, Sebastien；等
作者单位：法国农业科学研究院
期刊名称：JOURNAL OF GENERAL VIROLOGY
期刊影响因子：2.838
出版年份：2017
出版刊次：7